Faculty of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTEXTUAL RISK FACTORS AND FEMICIDE CASES AMONG YOUNG WOMEN IN JUJA SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

2026-07-17T10:44:51Z

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTEXTUAL RISK FACTORS AND FEMICIDE CASES AMONG YOUNG WOMEN IN JUJA SUB-COUNTY, KENYA KAGWIRIA, WINFRED Femicide has increased in the last decade in the global index. In Kenya, femicide occurs under diverse age brackets but recently the trend is high among young women (16-35 years). In particular, the brutal murders of young women: emerging and with increasing trends and incidents in various places call for immediate solutions. The purpose of this study was to examine relationship between contextual risk factors and femicide cases among young women in Juja sub-county. The Feminist theory and Routine activity theory were used to guide this study. This study was carried out at Juja sub-County in Kiambu County, Kenya. This study adopted the embedded research design. The target population was 300,948 respondents. The accessible population was 200,510 respondents and total sample was 288 respondents consisting of the 10 key informants included in the study, out of which a sample of 278 was drawn through the Slovin's formula. Questionnaires, checklist and interview schedules were the main instruments of data collection. The researcher drew the sample using Stratified simple random sampling. The quantitative data was collected using the questionnaires and check list while the qualitative data was done through interview schedules. Reliability was measured by a pilot study done at Nairobi County. This was through Cronbach Alpha (α) a statistic coefficient used to rate the reliability of an instrument and a value of .816 was established. To measure the relationship, Poisson regression analysis was conducted on the quantitative data with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 software. Qualitative data was analysed through thematic content analysis utilizing MAXQDA tool version 24.7. The study findings concluded that economic inequalities, cultural victimization and social dysfunctions are major risk factors in regards to femicide cases. The strength of the relationship was measured giving a p-value of .367, well above the .05 threshold. This established that no statistically significant relationship between contextual factors and femicide. This model indicated that the variables do not have a direct, independent effect on the number of femicide cases in isolation but are as a result of a more complex, multifaceted dynamics at play than simple cause-and effect.The study provided more insights to the policymakers on formulating relevant social policies, inform the society on better societal practices, contribute to the academia theories and literature on femicide, as well as inform young women in adopting femicide prevention strategies. The study recommends that to reduce these risks, there is a need for strengthened social support systems to address all these areas of concern.

IMPACT OF INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY ON MANAGEMENT OF STUDENT DISCIPLINE IN SELECTED PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IMENTI NORTH SUB COUNTY, MERU COUNTY, KENYA

2026-07-17T10:41:57Z

IMPACT OF INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY ON MANAGEMENT OF STUDENT DISCIPLINE IN SELECTED PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IMENTI NORTH SUB COUNTY, MERU COUNTY, KENYA NGIGE, PAUL K Effective management of students discipline is paramount in ensuring a conducive learning environment. High standard of discipline amongst students guarantees success in the achievement of school activities and instils good moral standards amongst students. However, there are challenges in managing student discipline in secondary schools in Kenya such as inability to detect, monitor or document students’ indiscipline cases. Different discipline management techniques like guidance and counselling have been used in schools, but yield minimal results. However, integration of technology in discipline management has been proposed as a potential solution to improve student discipline in schools. Therefore, the study investigated the impact of using technology to manage student discipline in selected public secondary schools in Imenti North Sub County in Meru County, Kenya. This study was anchored on Systems theory of management by Ludwig von bertalanffy (1956) and scientific theory of management by Fredrick Winsor Taylor (1909). Descriptive survey research design was employed. The pilot study was done in 3 schools selected from the neighboring Meru central sub county. The target population was 448 respondents comprising of 186 class secretaries, 186 class teachers, 38 deputy principals and 38 principals. The sample size for the current study was 90 participants comprising of 8 principals, 8 deputy principals, 37 class teachers and 37 class secretaries, making 20% of the target population. Proportionate sampling method was used to get the sample size of the population. Questionnaires were used to gather data from deputy principals, teachers and class secretary while interviews were for principals. Content validity was determined by supervisors and experts. Reliability was established through piloting and a Cronbach alpha Coefficient of 0.78. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Quantitative data was examined through descriptive analysis, specifically using percentages and averages and analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 29. Qualitative data was presented narratively while quantitative data was presented in tables. Results indicated that the schools that implemented the three technologies namely, Closed Circuit Television Cameras, Biometric Attendance Registers and Discipline Information System resulted in effective management of discipline in those schools. The study found that integration of technological tools in school discipline management has enhanced transparency, accountability, punctuality and monitoring thus significantly improving discipline management in secondary schools. The research concluded that use of technology in discipline management promoted early intervention, fairness in decisions, deterrent of misbehavior and consistent enforcement of school policies resulting to a positively student discipline and secure learning environment. The study recommended that the government should adequately fund the installation, maintenance of technological systems, train teachers and administrators on how to utilize education technology effectively in student behavior management and develop clear policies governing ethical and effective use of surveillance systems and biometric monitoring technologies in schools. The research findings also formed a basis for further research.

PEO ZA UTAMBULISHO KATIKA DISKOSI ZA WABUNGE WANAWAKE KATIKA BUNGE LA TAIFA LA KENYA: MTAZAMO WA UCHANGANUZI HAKIKI-MAKINIFU WA USEMI

2026-07-17T10:21:23Z

PEO ZA UTAMBULISHO KATIKA DISKOSI ZA WABUNGE WANAWAKE KATIKA BUNGE LA TAIFA LA KENYA: MTAZAMO WA UCHANGANUZI HAKIKI-MAKINIFU WA USEMI GAICHU, MISHECK N Utafiti huu ni wa kiisimu. Ulichunguza peo za utambulisho katika diskosi za wabunge wanawake kutoka Bunge la Taifa nchini Kenya. Lengo kuu la utafiti huu lilikuwa kuchunguza peo za utambulisho katika diskosi zilizotumiwa na wabunge wanawake kujitambulisha kwa umma. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Peo na mtazamo wa Uchanganuzi Hakiki-Makinifu wa Usemi. Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Peo ilisaidia kubainisha matini za mahusiano katika diskosi ili kupata muundo bora katika uundaji wa peo na katika usanisi wa mchango wa peo katika mawasiliano. Mtazamo wa Uchanganuzi Hakiki-Makinifu wa Usemi ulisaidia kupata maana ya diskosi katika muktadha wa jamii, mchango wa diskosi hiyo, mahusiano ya kiuwezo baina ya watumiaji wa diskosi na utambulisho uliojitokeza kutokana na matumizi ya diskosi husika. Chanzo cha data katika utafiti huu ni video kutoka mtandao wa YouTube zikihusu hotuba za wabunge wanawake pamoja na hotuba za mikutano yao wakihutubia umma. Mbinu ya utafiti iliyotumika kukusanya data ilikuwa utazamaji na usikilizaji. Msimbo-Matini pamoja na Mwongozo wa Usimbaji (MMMU) ulitumika kama kifaa cha kupanga matini za diskosi zilizotumika kipeo wakati wa kujitambulisha kwa wabunge wanawake kwa wananchi. Mtafiti alichunguza hotuba 69 kutoka kwa wabunge wanawake 169 waliochaguliwa na wananchi katika Bunge la Taifa la Kenya la 11, 12 na 13. Wasailiwa hao walikuwa wanawake 111 waliowakilisha kaunti pamoja na wanawake 58 waliochaguliwa kuwakilisha maeneobunge mbalimbali katika bunge la 11, 12 na 13 la taifa la Kenya. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yamedhihirisha kuwa matumizi ya kiisimu ya leksikoni, kwenye diskosi za wabunge wanawake, hutegemea mahitaji ya kibinafsi na kivikundi na zilitambulisha wabunge wanawake katika kiwango cha kibinafsi, kieneo na kivikundi. Kupitia leksikoni hizo, peo za utambulisho zilidhihirisha migao ya kibinafsi, kimaeneo, kimahusiano, kiutendaji na kivikundi katika ujenzi wa jinsia ya kike. Vilevile, ulibaini kuwa sitiari, ulinganisho, masimulizi ya siasa na matumizi ya virainasa ni miongoni mwa mbinu za peo zilizotumika katika diskosi za wabunge wanawake katika Bunge la Taifa. Aidha, mahusiano ya kiuwezo kati ya wabunge wanawake na wapiga kura hukuzwa na peo za utambulisho ambapo wabunge wanawake wamejengwa kama wasaidizi na wakombozi wa wapiga kura. Zaidi ya hayo, panapotokea migogoro kati ya kiongozi mwanamke na wapiga kura, kiongozi mwanamke hujitambulisha na kikundi kinachoathirika. Mahusiano kati ya wabunge wanawake na wabunge wanaume yalitambulisha wanawake kama waathiriwa wa ubaguzi. Aidha, Peo za utambulisho katika diskosi za wabunge wanawake zilichangia kudumisha mamlaka, kubadilisha hali fulani za jinsia na kukarabati hali-ante kuhusiana na jinsia na mamlaka katika Bunge la Taifa la Kenya. Mwisho, utafiti huu umependekeza tafiti zifanywe kuhusu uwezo wa lugha katika kuunda, kudumisha na kubadilisha peo ya kutambulisha jinsia ya kiume na majukumu yake katika udumishaji wa mahusiano ya mamlaka katika mazingira yanayobadilika kwenye nyanja anuwai za jamii. Utafiti zaidi unaweza kufanywa ili kutathmini nia na sababu za wabunge wanawake kupendelea kujitambulisha kama mama wala si mwakilishi wa kaunti ama mbunge wanapotambulisha nafasi zao katika diskosi za siasa. Hatimaye, ni muhimu utafiti zaidi ufanywe kuhusu miundo na maumbo ya maneno yanayotumiwa na wabunge wanawake katika diskosi zao ili kuunda mahusiano ya mamlaka.

PUBLIC BENEFIT ORGANIZATIONS AND SUSTAINABLE HOUSEHOLD POVERTY REDUCTION IN MWINGI NORTH SUB-COUNTY, KITUI COUNTY, KENYA

2026-07-17T10:17:26Z

PUBLIC BENEFIT ORGANIZATIONS AND SUSTAINABLE HOUSEHOLD POVERTY REDUCTION IN MWINGI NORTH SUB-COUNTY, KITUI COUNTY, KENYA NYAMAI, FAITH N Public Benefit Organizations have played a vital role in supporting poverty alleviation efforts in Kenya. Illiteracy and low school enrolment have increased, with evidence showing a rate of 41.9% despite interventions by Compassion International Kenya. The health sector has been partly addressed by Mumoni Nursing Home to improve public health through the provision of facilities and services; however, maternal deaths continue to rise despite these efforts. Food insecurity remains a major concern, with statistical evidence indicating a prevalence of 57%, despite intervention by Caritas Kitui. This trend suggests that poverty levels continue to worsen. The study investigated the influence of PBOs on sustainable household poverty reduction in Mwingi North Sub- County, Kitui County, Kenya. It was anchored on Social Capital Theory, supplemented with a Capability Approach, employing a descriptive and correlational research designs. The target population was 162,218 persons, while the accessible population was 131,883 persons, representing 81.3% of individuals affected by poverty. Slovin' s formula was used to determine a sample size of 399 respondents. Simple random sampling selected potential respondents, while purposive sampling targeted PBO staff. Interview schedules and questionnaires were the main data collection tools. Their validity was cross-checked while reliability was tested through a pilot study with 40 respondents. The Cronbach' s alpha was 0.967, exceeding the recommended minimum of 0.70. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson' s correlation, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. To ensure data collection relevance, permits from the relevant bodies, such as Tharaka University Ethics Committee and NACOSTI, along with approvals from both the Faculty and Department, were obtained. The relationships between variables were examined at a 99% confidence level, revealing that Education, Health, and Food Insecurity had correlation coefficients of (r = 0. 051, p> 0. 01, β = 0. 192), (r = 0. 048, p = 0. .000 < 0. 01, β = 0. 171), and (r = 0. 200, p = 0. .000 < 0. 01, β = 0. 269), respectively. These positive relationships indicate linear connections among the variables. Based on these findings, the study concludes that PBOs involve household members in raising awareness about the importance of education to increase school enrolment in the region. In the health sector, PBOs should prioritize providing medical equipment, essential supplies, and consistent medication for local health facilities. Finally, the study recommends study also recommends that PBOs advocate for supportive policies and collaborate with county governments to strengthen food systems, improve market access for smallholder farmers, and enhance food distribution infrastructure.